What is a Conservatarian Anyway

On the right, there have always been labels to describe various factions of Republicans and conservatives. There are the Reagan Republicans and the Main Street Republicans and the neoconservatives. In 2010, we saw the rise of the tea party conservatives, a group of newly active citizens with a decidedly more anti-establishment and populist tilt. But they were necessarily more conservative than other factions. Enter Conservatarianism. A conservatarian is a blend of conservatism and libertarianism. In a way, modern conservatism has often led to big government. George W. Bush campaigned on big government compassionate conservatism and many good conservatives went along for the ride. Pushing a conservative agenda - even as it led to bigger government - seemingly became the GOP way. Libertarians have long been, rightly or wrongly, labeled as pro-drug, anti-government, and beyond too far beyond the mainstream. They have been described as fiscally conservative, socially liberal, and internationally isolationist. There is no easy ideological line going from point A to point B on the right, but there is a pretty big divide between libertarians and conservatives. And thats where the modern conservatarian comes in. The end result is a small government conservative who will push more hot-button issues to the states and fight for a smaller role of the federal government. Pro-business but anti-cronyism Conservatarians are often laissez-faire capitalists. Both the Republicans and Democrats have long been engaged in big deals and favoritism with big business. The Republicans have rightly favored creating pro-business policies including reductions in corporate taxation and tax reduction overall. The Democrats irrationally blame and target big business for everything thats wrong in the world. But at the end of the day, both Democrats and Republicans have favored setting up favorable deals with business allies, offered specialized tax incentives and subsidies, and pushed policies that favor business allies rather than let businesses compete and grow fairly and on their own. Even good conservatives use the hand of government far too often. Using the excuse that subsidies or specialized tax breaks are pro-business, conservatives and liberals selectively choose who gets what and why. They choose the winners and losers. Conservatarians have, for instance, turned against subsidizing industries to give them an artificial advantage over competing interests. Recently, Green Energy subsidies have been a favorite of the Obama administration and liberal investors have benefited the most at the taxpayers expense. Conservatarians would argue in favor of a system were businesses are free to compete without the corporate welfare and without the government choosing the winners and losers. During the 2012 presidential primary campaign, even the more moderate Mitt Romney campaigned against sugar subsidies in Florida and against ethanol subsidies while in Iowa. Primary competitors including Newt Gingrich still favored such subsidies. Focused on State and Local Empowerment Conservatives have always favored stronger state and local government control over a large centralized government. But that has not always been the case with many social issues such as gay marriage and recreational or medicinal marijuana use. Conservatarians tend to believe that those issues should be handled at the state level. Conservative/conservatarian Michelle Malkin has been an advocate for medical marijuana use. Many who oppose gay marriage say its a states rights issue and that each state should decide the issue. Usually Pro-Life but Often Socially Indifferent While libertarians are often pro-choice and have adopted the government cant tell someone what to do talking points of the left, conservatarians have tended to fall on the pro-life side, and often argue from a pro-science stance over a religious one. On social issues, conservatarians may hold conservative beliefs on social issues like gay marriage or be indifferent, but argue that it is up to each state to decide. While libertarians typically outright favor drug legalization of many forms and conservatives oppose it, conservatarians are more open to legalized marijuana for medicinal and, often, recreational purposes. Peace Through Strength Foreign Policy One of the big turns on the right may have been on foreign policy. There are rarely easy answers on issues of the American role in the world. Following the aftermath of Iraq and Afghanistan, many conservative hawks became less so. Conservative hawks all too often seem eager to intervene every time an international crisis. Libertarians often want to do nothing. Whats the right balance? While this is hard to define, I think the conservatarians might argue that intervention should be limited, that the use of ground troops in battle should be almost non-existent, but that the US must be strong and ready to attack or defend when needed.

The Human Martian, By Robert A. Heinlein - 1658 Words

The Human-Martian, Valentine Michael Smith, is a God-like figure who attempts to show the the truth about religion to the world and create a utopian society in the novel Stranger in a Strange Land by Robert A. Heinlein. Heinlein served in the Navy and was a socialist politician before beginning his writing career. His second wife had a large influence on his political views and was the one who convinced him to run for the state assembly. After his loss, he became an author. Stranger in a Strange Land is Heinlein’s most popular book, however, his views on socialism and liberalism were not clear in his writings. Later written books and interviews gave his audience a better look on how he sees the two political views in his eyes. One of Michael’s phrases throughout the book, which had an impact on his world, is â€Å"Thou art God.† With these three words, he has been able to describe himself, and other creative/destructive beings that live upon the Earth as God. Not only have these words made an impression on individual characters, but also their communities. Jubal Harshaw is one of the few characters that Heinlein voices his thoughts through. With his advice and guidance, Mike convinced the world that he could make a paradise; a utopia. Politics and space foreign affairs were some of the major ideas in Stranger in a Strange Land. Mike is made the overall power of Mars and made decisions specifically designed to keep it that way. The character, Secretary General Douglas, isShow MoreRelatedStranger in a Strange Land Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesStranger in a Strange Land is a book written by Robert A. Heinlein that completely throws away the social mores of the late fifties/ early sixties society. The book opens with a ship returning from a trip to Mars with an interesting passenger, a man, Michael Valentine Smith who was the son of a previous voyage to Mars that was believed to be entirely dead. This was a human raised by Martians, who are an ancient race that has various powers that are discovered later in the book to be possessed byRead MoreHumanity Of Science Fiction : Humanity1877 Words   |  8 PagesHumanity in Science Fiction The human experience can be well characterized by certain parts of the media we create. We reflect what we feel and face in our lives, in what we create, especially in our music and writing. The science fiction we create is especially reflective of these things, because it is often written in a way that explores the human condition as it is and as it may be in the future. These pieces of media do more than demonstrate the ideas of those who create them, they provide usRead MoreRay Bradbury Writing Style1061 Words   |  5 Pagesroutinely rejected and not until the late 1940s did he breakthrough with the publication of his horror and fantasy stories in pulp magazines. Bradburys real breakthrough to a mainstream audience came in 1950 with the publishing of his book The Martian Chronicles, a series of short stories which describe the first attempts of Earth people to conquer and colonize Mars. After reading the book Chris Isherwood a critic for Tomorrow Magazine raved that even a book decorated with rocket ships and bug-eyed

Emerging Theme in Human Resource Management Free Essays

Part One Macro Level Issue: Social: Changing Cultural Patterns Mesco Level Issue: Flexibility and Work Life Balance Chosen Industry: Telecommunication Industry Justification of the choice of themes in the context of the identified industry/sector The current business environment is characterized as multi-faced, highly intricate and competitive, and is in a constant mode of transition, hence demanding greater level of flexibility and adaptability from business firms which intend to thrive and succeed. A theme which is at the centre of this demand for greater adaptability and flexibility is ‘changing cultural patterns’, an emerging phenomenon which driven by growing influence of globalization. With the advent of globalization which is in turn fuelled by mass communication, information and communication technologies and international business, the traditional societies are being replaced by modern ones which demonstrate a greater extent of cultural heterogeneity. We will write a custom essay sample on Emerging Theme in Human Resource Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now This cultural heterogeneity lays emphasis upon fairness, openness, empowerment, respect, and flexibility. Resultantly, the changing culture patterns impact upon the modern human resource practices, requiring them to adhere to the agenda of fairness, openness, participative leadership and management style, and cater greater flexibility to main a sound work life balance, in order to keep abreast with the emerging circumstantial requirements. The significance of realizing the changing cultural patters and incorporating them in the human resource practices especially in terms of flexibility and work life balance is underscored due to the fact that modern day organization, especially those operating in telecommunication and related technology industries need to be highly adaptive, innovative and creative and sensitive to customers’ demands and aspirations. This can be achieved by having a highly motivated workforce, working within an organizational culture that ensures fairness, respect, encourages creativity and innovation. The aims of fairness, respect and encouraging creativity can be achieved by ensuring a level of flexibility that balances the social, personal and professional life of employees. Innovation and creativity that is achieved through such human resource management practices is necessary in the current business environment and is considered to be primordial for the survival of businesses operating in telecommunication and digital media industry. Without the right kind of workforce with the right kind of capabilities, businesses in the high tech industries would not be able to compete in the highly complex and fast paced technological environment. War for Talent: Some commentators are of the view that after the economic conditions get stable and recover from the recent economic downturn, the end of the financial battle will only mark the beginning of the war among human resource management (HRM) practitioners which would be the ‘War for talent’. The post-recovery phase is characterized with high turn-over rates and dearth of skills as indicated by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) study report. It highlights that one out of three employees in the UK plan to budge to another job or position when the possibility emerges (Change Board, 2010: pg.1). Moreover, the study predicts that following the economic recovery in 2011, employers in UK and elsewhere in similar economies will face a dire shortage of skills. They would have more difficulties than before in filling new positions. The survey revealed that more than 50% of the respondents ranked ‘skills shortages’ as their greatest upcoming concern (People Management, 6 Dec 2010: pg.1). Recent Employee Outlook CIPD’s survey (People Management, 29 November 2010: pg.1) identified a phenomenon termed as ‘fixed grin’ in which job satisfaction levels rose to a peak during economic hardship due to the fact that the top most concern of the employees was only to have job stability. This would be followed by a likely drop once the economy convalesces, and new opportunities erupt (People Management, 29 November 2010: pg.1). Hence HRD personnel will have to play a crucial role in engaging employees when the economic climate becomes favourable by offering competitive learning environment and growth prospects in order to attract and retain the best talent within the industry. Thus attracting and retaining talent is another concern that deepens the demand for a cultural overhaul across organizations and flexible working environments epically in telecommunication industry. List of most suitable potential publications for this publication and its relevance For the current discussion paper, the author has shortlisted two UK based publications. The credentials and relevance of both those shortlisted publication are presented in the following: HR Magazine ‘HR Magazine’ is aimed for people-focused, forward-thinking, business leaders who wish to gain valuable insights and examples of business-contextualized human resource for developing high-performing and effective business firms. HR magazine is aimed for the up-market business consumers. The magazine’s ABC circulation is 7,968 comprising of HR directors and heads, chief executives, managing directors, finance directors and chairman positions only. The magazine has a premium position among business and HR magazines, a fact confirmed by the recent British Business Survey 2011, undertaken by Ipsos Mori in which out of 1.8 million purchase decision makers, 75,000 purchase decision makers had dealt with HR brand in the previous month of the survey (see http://www.hrmagazine.co.uk). This magazine is deemed relevant for the publication of this discussion paper due to its high readership and brand value among HR personnel across UK. Flexibility ‘Flexibility’ is a uniquely positioned HR magazine which aims at stimulating a debate regarding the changing organizational culture and work environment. The magazine brings together researches and opinions about new trends in HR practices, organizational change and technological development. The magazine has been under publication since 1993, and provides regular updates regarding flexibility working. It also publishes digital version of its magazines. The specific purpose of this magazine which coincides with the discussion of this paper makes is very suitable for the publication of this discussion paper (see www.flexibility.co.uk). Brief justification of why the publishers should publish this discussion paper The aim of the current discussion paper is to recognize the changing patterns in organizational culture especially within information and communication technology industry in order to promote flexibility and continuous learning and development. It fits precisely within the scope and purpose of the Flexibility magazine, whose motto is to provide â€Å"resources for new ways of working†. The magazine champions the cause of flexible working environment and organizational learning and development. Therefore the author of this discussion paper is of the view that the current discussion paper will make a valuable contribution to the magazine, in acquainting its readers with new emerging HR trends and practices within telecommunication industry that fosters innovation and creativity through its organizational culture and flexibility. Part Two The modern day business environment has evolved to become much more multifaceted than ever before. The entire globe in intertwined by complex networks of communications enabled by cutting edge information technologies. Markets are evolving at a higher pace with consumers’ demands varying quickly due to globalization. In such a business environment, a company operating within fast evolving industries such as telecommunication and digital media, its organization culture worldview ought to vary significantly from that a traditional manufacturing and production company. This discussion paper evaluates how organizations should evolve in terms of organization culture as a response to the changing cultural patterns especially those operating within telecommunication industry. It will also discuss the significance of maintaining flexibility and ensuring a sound work life balance for fostering innovation and creativity. It will also assess the implications of the proposed changes and h ow the attitudes, skills and behaviors of HR professionals will have to change resultantly. Various organizations within the telecommunication and digital media industry have successfully developed organizational cultures that coincide with the changing cultural patterns of modern societies to bring about transformation change. These transformational changes are marked by the introduction of ground breaking products and applications such as smart phones, tablet computers, operating system, social networking applications, cloud computing technologies, to name a few. Cultures within such organizations provide for working environments that are founded on wider modern social values of openness and fairness, encouragement for creative thinking, and a participatory and democratic management style. Such an organizational culture adheres to the view that all the business solutions to the external and internal challenges can be realized internally by not just the top executive but by any of its knowledge workers. Hence, it entails to making efforts to tap into the creative base of employees, providing them with the â€Å"ability to think critically and creatively, the ability to communicate ideas and concepts, and the ability to cooperate with other human beings in the process of inquiry and action.† (Navran Associates Newsletter 1993) A modern organizational culture which deliberates innovation and creativity within its realms underscores the importance of flexibility and work life balance for its employees. It tries to build a workforce which is free from constant managerial oversight as it employees are not considered to be passive players within the overall business equation. Such an approach encourages employees to utter ideas, explore new phenomena, and push their limits beyond their comfort zones and subsequently contribute towards an enhanced working environment which further strengthens the modern organizational culture. Such participating brings about a paradigm shift, refuting the traditional authoritarian management approach complementary to the traditional social cultural pattern. Herein, the managerial hierarchy is invalidated in terms of knowledge creation leading to a business environment where knowledge workers can â€Å"create the results they truly desire and where they can learn to learn togeth er for the betterment of the whole† (Rheem 1995, p 10). Impact of Modern Organizational Culture A salient example such an organizational culture which can be considered as a benchmark and blue print for companies operating within the fast paced telecommunication industry is the Internet search engine colossal ‘Google’. Within a short time of establishment, Google has succeeded in becoming a global leader owing to its diligent innovation and focus upon customers’ needs. The company’s management style is the key behind its organizational culture that systematically fosters organizational learning and development and resultantly innovation. Google’s management approach is highly participative and to some extent free reign, reflecting its adherence to the evolving modern culture of the society in general. The central premise of this type of managerial approach is based on the fact that the leader (top executive/CEO) has only part of the information, whilst the rest of information is within the employees. The leader is someone who has the ability to extract the potential out of the employees in order to know everything; hence he/she employees well-informed and capable employees. Likewise, Google managerial style and its organizational culture value the common wisdom. Its leadership surprisingly supports dissent and disagreement when conversing new ideas and values those who tend to differ. According to Schmidt, the Chairman of Google and its former CEO, disagreements are vital to bring about all important information and varying point of views on table leading to a thoroughly informed decision (Manyika 2008). The company’s leadership also acknowledges that freedom, flexibility and collaboration and learning are key aspects getting the best ideas and solution. Schmidt mentions that â€Å"in traditional companies, the big offices, the corner offices, the regal bathrooms, and everybody dressed up in suits cause people to be afraid to speak out. But the best ideas typically don’t come from executives.† Google systematically advocates innovation and learning at every stage at Google in the whole system, including management. Google adheres the â€Å"70/20/10? rule, which implies that the employees at the organization spent seventy percentage of their time regarding core business activities; twenty percent of their time in tasks related to that business activity; and ten percent of their time doing things which are not associated with any of the core business activities. Schmidt himself also complies with this rule by spending his time in three different chambers, so he can track his time spent on each activity (Battelle, 2005). Moreover, Schmidt asserts that â€Å"new ideas emerge with freedom from thinking about obligations† (Manyika 2008). Therefore Google put up its core engineers in spending twenty percent of their time in the pursuit of innovative thoughts which does not include any formal or regular duty (Battelle, 2005). Schemes like these have given birth to several products and services which Google is offering these days. Google’s organizational culture hence adheres to the policy of openness, employee empowerment and participation and respect for every individual’s ideas. This leads to a greater level of innovation and creativity at an organizational level. Impact of Flexibility and Work Life Balance Google also treats its employees as internal customers, offering them a high level of flexibility and ensuring a great work and life balance. The company leaves no stone unturned in appeasing its employees in its effort to keep them highly motivated and enthusiastic. One way through which Google advances work satisfaction is through its great working conditions. Google’s work places all over the world are very spacious; providing employees with every possible facility they could ask for. It is not unusual for a Google’s workplace to have outdoor tables, park benches shaded by trees, gardens, sports facilities etc. Staff members are provided with free on-site messages, haircuts, pet care facilities and healthy meals throughout the day. Google also offers unlimited sick leaves to its employees and as many as 27 days of paid time off after one year of employment. It has comprehensive maternity and new fathers leave program in place as well. The company also holds annual on -site Health Fair offers various free testing services, including eye exams and cholesterol testing; also offers free flu shots. It’s on site perks at headquarters include medical and dental facilities, oil change and car wash, courier, fitness center, banking center, and free breakfast, lunch and dinner on a daily basis. The company spends as much as $70 million annually on free meals and snacks (Sutherland, 2012). The company literally looks after every need that a technology geek would not want to be bothered with, to help them focus on innovation, and creativity. Such flexibility and measures for ensuring a great work/life balance keep the employees highly motivated and foster innovation and creativity. Implication of these Themes for HR Managers Modern day organizations ought to make strong efforts in maintaining a participative and democratic leadership as the very first thing needed to enforce a modern organizational culture which is not based on traditional hierarchy, but upon a diverse workforce wherein every individual provides a valuable input to lead the organization (Senge 1996). The leadership should recognize and admit that every employ has potential to find solution to the challenges faced by the company. This should lead to a organizational culture which is based on openness and trust, where employees are supported and rewarded for learning and innovating, and one that promotes experimentation, risk taking, and â€Å"values the well-being of all employees† (Gephart 1996, p 39). Such a culture would position organizations to capitalize upon forthcoming ideas which can deliver unquantifiable benefits for the development and success of the telecommunication firms. Adhering to this line of thinking, HR manage rs should provide ample facilities and amenities for socialization, such as gyms, pool and indoor games, well kept cafeteria and canteens among other recreational facilities where employees can share ideas, experiences, and embark in informal learning. Such an environment is very effective in fostering group work and team learning as well (Senge 1990). Conclusion As Hout (1999) mentions that â€Å"management as we have known it is too cumbersome for today’s fast, unpredictable pace. A new kind of company wins now. The best management models don’t adapt to the new economy; they emerge from it. It’s no longer the survival of the fittest; it’s the arrival of the fittest.† Hout’s contention clearly identifies the new order in the business world, which is characterized as fast paced, complex and unpredictable. It dictates a paradigm shift in the modern organizational culture. He further states that: â€Å"No intelligence from on high can match the quality of solutions to market problems that arise from players who are constantly communicating with one another on the ground level. The invisible hand of the marketplace should displace the visible hand of the manager. The markets can determine where one team or initiative or company ends and another begins. Managers interfere at their peril.† This sign ifies the importance of a participative organizational culture, which encapsulates themes such as fairness, openness, and respect ; all of which combine the collective wisdom of executives and all those working in an organization, in yielding bright ideas and solutions that can be translated into company’s success. Organization within the telecommunication industry should recognize that the journey towards creating such an organizational culture through flexibility is a long and gradual one and thus temporary setbacks and difficulties are to be expected. Enforcing a participatory managerial style and engaging employees in the organizational learning process are massive feats that cannot be achieved overnight. However, given the current overall outlook of the business environment and the rapidity of the technological advancements, and recognizing the changing cultural pattern of the society in general, developing such an organization is the most crucial strategy for the success of telecommunication firms. A flexible working environment can create an organizational culture that would promote innovation and creativity. It is the best way to avert any foreseen and unforeseen challenges faced by organizations. References Battelle, J (2005) Google CEO Eric Schmidt gives us his golden rules for managing innovation. CNN/Money. Available fromhttp://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2005/12/01/8364616/index.htm (cited on 15th December, 2012) Bender, D.R. (1998), â€Å"Knowledge management makes information work†, Washington Business Journal, Vol. 17 No. 6, pp. 35-6. Botha, D.F. (2000), â€Å"A conceptual framework for the management of knowledge in a knowledge-based enterprise†, South African Journal of Business Management, Vol. 31 No. 4, pp. 141-8. Change Board (1 January 2010) ‘HR landscape in 2010 – HR challenges’, Available from: Changeboard.com. (cited on 15th December, 2012) CIPD (28 January 2010) ‘Press Office’, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, Available from: CIPD.co.uk. (cited on 15th December, 2012) Crossan, M. M., Lane, H. W. and White, R. E. (1999) â€Å"An organizational learning framework: from intuition to institution†, Academy of Management Review, 24, 522. De Geus, A. (1997), â€Å"The living company†, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 75 No. 2, pp. 51-9. Drucker, P.F. (1964), Managing for Results: Economic Tasks and Risk-taking Decisions, Harper and Row, New York, NY. Drucker, P.F. (1998), â€Å"Managements new paradigms†, Forbes, Vol. 162 No. 7, pp. 152-69. Gephart, A., Victoria J., Marsick, E., Van B., and Michelle S., (1996). â€Å"Learning organizations come alive† Training Development vol. 50, no. 12: 35-45. Handy, C. (1995) The Age of Unreason, London, Arrow Business Books. Harrison, R. (2009) Learning and development. 5th ed. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Kaplan, Robert S., and David P. Norton. (Sept./Oct. 1996). Strategic planning and the balanced scorecard. Strategy Leadership vol. 24, no. 5: 18-24. Kontoghiorghes, C., Awbrey, S.M. and Feurig, P.L. (2005), â€Å"Examining the relationship between learning organization characteristics and change adaptation, innovation and organizational performance†, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 16 No. 2, pp. 185-211. Manyika, J (2008) â€Å"Google’s View on the Future of Business: An Interview with CEO Eric Schmidt†. The McKinsey Quarterly. Available from http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Googles_view_on_the_future_of_business_An_interview_with_CEO_Eric_Schmi t_2229 (cited on 15th December, 2012) McGill, M.E., Slocum, J.W. and Lei, D. (1992), â€Å"Management practices in learning organisations†, Management Dynamics, Vol. 21 No. 1, pp. 4-17. Miller, W.C. (1998), â€Å"Fostering intellectual capital†, HR Focus, Vol. 75 No. 1, pp. 509-17. Munk, N. (1998), â€Å"The new organization man†, Fortune, Vol. 137 No. 5, pp. 62-74. Newstrom, J and Keith D. Organizational Behavior : Human Behavior at Work. New York : McGraw-Hill, 1993. Nomikos, G.E. (1989), â€Å"Managing knowledge workers for productivity†, National Productivity Review, Vol. 8 No. 2, pp. 165-74. Rheem, Helen. (Mar./Apr. 1995). â€Å"The learning organization.† Harvard Business Review vol. 73, no. 2: 10. Roy, M.C., Falardeau, J. and Pelletier, C. (2001), â€Å"Support systems for knowledge workers: the need for new development approaches†, Journal of Knowledge Management Practice, August, p. 2, available at: www.tlainc.com/articl24.htm. Shea, T. (1998), â€Å"Are you good at attracting knowledge workers?†, Orlando Business Journal, Vol. 15 No. 29, p. 30. Senge, P. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: the Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. New York: Doubleday. Senge, P. (1996). â€Å"Leading Learning Organizations†. Training Development vol. 50, no. 12: 36-4. Sloman, M. (2007) ‘The changing world of the trainer: emerging good practice’, Oxford Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. How to cite Emerging Theme in Human Resource Management, Essay examples

Leadership Challenges Critical Perspective

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Challenges for Critical Perspective. Answer: Introduction: I think the virtue of self confidence is measured with the parameter which normally denotes the way in which the challenges of any tasks are accepted with the confidence of complying the requirement of the job with the level of utmost perfection. Self confidence drives a person who has proactive attitude to face any challenge with the quality of good analytical skill to assess the challenges or threats related to the assignment. My self confidence drives me to go forward and do the work with the team. According to me, the other aspect of self confidence is to motivate the team and individual for a specified purpose. Self confidence arises from the quality of knowledge which is theoretical and with the power of application as practical approach of the theory. Personal Resilience: To analyze myself on the issue of personal resilience as a part of self assessment, the issue is to assess flexibility of myself. Flexibility may be of different types for different aspects so for self assessment is concerned. While leadership is applicable to work as a team for accomplishment of an objective or a group of objectives, the obvious need of strategy fixation takes on priority along with the proper execution of that strategy. It is mostly found that the objectives had been fixed first and the strategies are set to accomplish the objectives. As a leader, the need of self resilience is needed most for the purpose of proving me to be at par with the need of the situation which arises from the different level of execution of any strategy. If the situation goes adverse, the strategy is to be rethought for further fixation of strategy or to be modified with the needed changes to accomplish the objectives. Self resilience is one of the great qualities of a leader who has the te am and who needs to motivate the team in adverse situation with the changes of strategy. It is mostly found that good leader assesses his ability with the true valuation of different qualities out of which self resilience is big factor for success or to prove one as good leader. Readiness for Leadership Role: It is told universally that leaders cannot be made but they are born. In the present situation of different challenges to be faced in work as well as in my personal life, I think leadership claims a vital role for accomplishment of objectives, particularly when the objective is connected with the team effort. From my point of view, the role of leadership is needed most for this situation. It is mostly welcomed when the trait theory of leadership is practiced by the leader to have the patience of listening to other team members and decide with the best possible strategy to be opted to succeed in the assignment. I have also found that the old practice of dictating attitude does not work and the self realization of the leader should lead to the concept of listening to other team members for amicable route to ensure success. Leadership Experience Audit: In case of doing audit of self leadership, the role of experience plays a vital role. I have found that leaders are chosen from experienced personality due to their knowledge of theory and application related to the subject. Experience makes a leader more authentic and can command the situation with the expertise and experience. The audit of experience regarding leadership is needed to find out the level of success on the issue for which the leadership is sought. This is a parameter of my assessment regarding the virtue of leadership with finding the probability of success through the way of leadership approach which can lead to successful leadership. Behaviors and Attitudes Reflecting Charisma: The outer look matters in every field of life which is made by my projection. A leader is an identity which drives the team towards the destination of success and his personal appearance with physical projection and gestural attitude. The presentable way of focusing the entity who is intending to be the leader should possess behavioral gesture and personal charisma to influence the team and the others allied to the project. I have found that the leader with strong behavioral approach with pleasant personality can project the identity with more successful charismatic approach towards the successful leadership. What style leader are you? The style of leadership opted by me, should be of trait theory of leadership which allows the team members to express their views related to the assignment and with the mutual discussion between the leader and the team member the probable strategy is being fixed for the accomplishment. What is your propensity to take risks? To be a good leader, the ability to take risk is one of the prime factors. To take the risk, the evaluation of risk management is to be done perfectly to mitigate the risks with negative output. Proper analysis of the risk factors and with the subsequent justified decision for opting of the risk is a great quality of perfect leader. Measuring Your Situational Perspective: According to me situational perspective means the analysis of situation with properly measuring the perspective of that situation. It is mostly found that the situation cannot be assessed properly by the leader and that may cause adverse impact on the project. A good leader can study the situation and thus ensures the success of the assignment by opting for the perfect strategies. Quality of Leader-Member Relations: Being a leader as per trait theory, the follower should opt for listening to everybody with the ambience of openness in the team and that will direct the team along with leader and members to succeed in the assignment.

Ethics and Nanotechnology

Collapse Hotel and Hyatt Regency Hotel Essays

Collapse Hotel and Hyatt Regency Hotel Essays Collapse: Hotel and Hyatt Regency Hotel Essays In 1976, Crown Center Redevelopment Corporation initiated a project for designing and building a Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City Missouri, Gillum-Colaco was selected as the consulting structural engineer for the project. This tragedy resulted from the conflictual and controversial communication between the Havens Steel Company and G.C.E International Inc. The fact that these two professional engineering companies obviously were not able to communicate each other in professional boundaries and haven’t acted in a responsible way and understood the importance of the job they were doing this project resulted in a disaster. A set of structural drawings and specifications for the project were prepared in late 1977. On July 17, 1981, the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City, Missouri, held a videotaped tea-dance party in their atrium lobby. With many party-goers standing and dancing on the suspended walkways, connections supporting the ceiling rods that held up the second- and four th-floor walkways across the atrium failed, and both walkways collapsed onto the crowded first-floor atrium below. The Kansas City Hyatt Regency walkways collapse left 114 dead and in excess of 200 injured.G.C.E. was responsible for preparing structural engineering drawings for the Hyatt project: three walkways spanning the atrium area of the hotel. Wide flange beams with 16-inch depths (W16x26) were used along either side of the walkway and hung from a box beam (made from two MC8x8.5 rectangular

Ashoka and Emperor ashoka ( choose heading) Essay

Ashoka and Emperor ashoka ( choose heading) - Essay Example However, a look at some of the stone pillars in some part of the modern-day India proves that such an empire existed. For example in Bihar, India, there are stone pillars that are inscribed with the Emperor’s statues and edicts. Ancient Sanskirt literature also shows that there was a great Emperor called Ashoka. In Sarnath city which is also in India, there are statues of lions which are now part of India’s National emblem (Rao 96). These are the Ashoka lions, of course named after the Emperor Ashoka. He Emperor ordered installation of these pillars (Joshi 60). A look at the statues and some of the stone pillars shows that the Emperor had them inscribed with merciful laws. Based on the evidence from Joshi’s book and a history professor called B.V. Rao, Emperor Ashoka waged a constant war for the first eight years when he was in power. It is also clear that the Emperor had inherited a large empire, which he expanded in his reign to include some of the other Indian subcontinent. He also expanded his empire to the modern-day borders of Burmese eastern border, western side of Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Iran (Rao 94). It was only Sri Lanka and other southern parts of India which remained out of the Emperor’s reach. However, despite the ancient Kalinga kingdom, north of India, being out of his reach, he attacked the kingdom in year 265. He took advantage of the fact that it was his second wife’s homeland, Kaurwaki. The Mauryan Emperor had sought refuge from his hostile half-brothers, in the Kalinga kingdom. He gathered the largest army in Indian history to attach Kalinga, which crumbled after losing most of its warriors. After going through the story about this Emperor and his dynasty I got surprised after discovering that he was one of the many ruthless rulers in human history to change into one of the most respected rulers. I expected to find a

Racism in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Racism in America - Essay Example Therefore, racism respites on a pedestal of discrepancy worth of human beings and the authenticity of imbalanced behavior in accordance to supposed dominance and lowliness. (Johnson) America's Viewpoint towards Racism The issue of "Racism" is a threat which has weighed down USA all through its subsistence as a supreme country. (Johnson) In years subsequent the zenith of the "Civil Rights movement" of the 60's this threat has both augmented and retreated. (Johnson) In the United States of America, race beliefs commenced budding in the late 17th century, in combination with the lawful establishment of slavery for Africans and in the 18th century it eventuated in 3 main groups that were approximately definite and categorized i.e. "European Whites, Native Americans [Indians], and "Negroes" from Africa." (Ma) Regardless of lawful and societal endeavors to ban intermarriage or inter-mating, a number of genetic mixture still transpires. In retort, the United States resorted to a law to aid conserve the uniqueness of the "White/Black racial" as well as societal dichotomy. (Johnson) North Americans characterize anybody as "Black" who comprises African ancestors, an observable fact identified and introduced by historians over half a century back as the "one drop rule". (Ma) There is no communally endorsed in-between cataloging, albeit the census of 2000-01 allowed individuals to recognize two or more racial heritages. In the year 1940, the South Africa due to its chronological causes formed an outsized middle group of class so that basically three more or less elite races were recognized in law and every year, a governmental board was set to assess racial personalities and... This essay not only discusses the present situation with racism in the U.S., but also tries to develop the successful strategy for prevention of racism. These issues by the majority of close â€Å"black-white† acquaintances indicates that the sore and explosive severance have continued to persist among black and white Americans. The fact that this essay presents of both these authenticities highlights the requirement to publicly converse about the racism and its affects, rather than to overlook them. The essay also highlights the fundamental relationship among racial fascination and color-blindness. As a substitute of representing a turn down in the significance of race, the color-blind philosophy concurrently obfuscates and supports the American obsession on race. It is an undeniable fact that racism still exists in the United States of America. Over the centuries, the viewpoint of American whites for diversified races had not changed, making it difficult to fill the gaps bet ween populace. American people’s obsession with ethnic classifications is a consequence of that differentiation and not an origin of it. There is an intense need to raise the level of awareness and stop discriminating people on behalf of their culture and race. However, the last presidential elections were won by the â€Å"Barack Hussein Obama,† a black man, lighting the torch of hope that the ice of hatred between white and blacks have started to melt and in modern America the people are judged by their qualifications and talents and not by their race.

Week5 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week5 - Article Example In this article, the author argues that public representation is a worthwhile aim of public policy because public service has always been a driver of social mobility for groups that have been excluded in labor market. Further, it means a symbolic commitment equal access to authority or power. In addition, the author argues that bureaucracy should be more reflective of the economic status of citizens than elected officials since it has an influential role in the policy making process. Active representation is also significant because the operations and policies of diverse institutions will appear distinctively from what they would be if the institution’s employee were homogeneous (Selden, 2006). The United States has always been on the forefront in search of a diverse workforce via an emphasis on affirmative action policies and equal opportunity. To some proponents, moving away from affirmative action as the main tool for bringing both active and passive representation in the U.S would go against the constitutional principles of the U.S constitution. They argue that it is irrational to ignore the ugly remnants of ethnicity, race, and gender in the recruitment, promotion and retention decisions in the private, non-profit and public agencies of the U.S. Research conducted by Gallup in 2005 showed that through affirmative action, minority rights and relations were defended since affirmative action calls for the rights of racial minorities. To some opponents, affirmative action is viewed as an equally division model of reverse biasness or discrimination that is not required because of the progress that has been made in the antidiscrimination area. I agree that to some extent, affirmative action has at least tried to address the issues of ethnicity and race based on the ethnic composition of modern population (Selden, 2006). In sum, from the article, it can

Religious Right in US Politics

Religious Right in US Politics Examine and assess the political impact of the religious Right on US politics under the presidencies of George W. Bush. The political impact of the religious Right throughout the George W. Bush Presidency was powerful and multi faceted. This essay will outline the religious milieu from which George W. Bush emerged, as well as assess those who reinforced and strengthened religious perspectives and influences within the Executive throughout this period. In addition to this specific assessment, this essay will examine the remarkable influence religion had in Bush’s campaign. It will argue that the Bush Administration used political techniques in order to pass largely religious platforms without the controversial labels, thus minimizing opposition. After having lived a life marked by substance abuse George W. Bush believes he had a deep religious conversion. As a result, he would refer to God in public addresses, and openly stated a number of times that he sought guidance from god during his presidency. With statements like these, it is inaccurate to state that George W. Bush and his administration were a completely secular body. Furthermore, we must address the fact that his major appointees were also highly religious. This specifically relates to a number of key positions held by men such as Dick Cheney Vice President, Michael Gerson, appointed Chief Speech Writer, John Ashcroft, Attorney General, and Jerry Boykin appointed Deputy Under Secretary of Defence for Intelligence. All of these roles are profoundly influential and were all given to Evangelists.[1] The rhetoric of George W. Bush and his administration was undeniably religiously influenced. The notion that the State and the Church is entirely separate was not present in this presidency. However, due to ambiguity, political jargon, exaggeration, and a plethora of other political techniques, the true religious foundations, that inspired, decisions, discourse, policies and platforms, were somewhat avoided and concealed. An example of this is George W. Bush’s comments in relation to Gay Marriage. Unlike the Evangelicals who simply state that they oppose it on the grounds that ‘it was against God’s Will,’[2] the President stated that he opposed it because ‘marriage is an institution so fundamental to society that it should not be changed.’[3] This example outlines that the President, although opposed the view, did not clearly refer to any religious standings. However, due to the fact that he was openly religious, it is almost impossible to beli eve whether the view he publically offers, is not at all swayed by religious reasoning and rationale. The Bush Administration was fundamentally religious. It was based on these set of principles, and as a result, were largely supported by those who shared the same belief. This claims do not stand alone, over the years there has been a very large number of critics, all of which hold the same view that the Bush Administration was led by a body who rejects the separation of church and state. Labelled a ‘messianic militarist,’[4] George W. Bush, and the religious Right brought forward many faith based policies, which had considerable effects on the American population. The religious right of the Bush Administration is considered to have changed or attempted to change many aspects of American life. This neo-conservative, ultra religious body within the Bush executive hold a specific set of principles and beliefs, all of which considerably blur the lines of separation between Church and State. A significant and highly controversial example of this is the ‘concerted efforts to teach creationism or its more presentable replacement â€Å"Intelligent Design† in public schools.’[5] However, the examples don’t just relate to education, there are a number of aspects whereby the religious Right of the Bush Administration promote their Evangelist perspectives. Probably the most controversial, was the topic of abortion, to which President Bush, ‘wholeheartedly opposed.’ [6] The religious undertones of the Bush Administration were forefront and obvious. Members of the cabinet ‘spoke of overturning the Supreme Court decision in Roe V Wade which made abortion legal in 1973.’[7] This just highlights that not only was the Bush Administration open in presenting their controversial, and highly religious perspectives, but that they significantly contradicted the very foundations upon which the American model of democracy was based. The American Government as a democracy, prides itself on the notion of equality, freedom and accountability. If a Government acts solely on a religious, somewhat personal agenda and thus unable to remain impartial, how can they regard themselves as a democracy? The fact is, the Bush Administration did cross the line between Church and State, and the religious Right within the Administration was almost entirely responsible. In order to truly highlight the perspective of the religious Right, and thus outline the political impact they had during this period, the perspectives that surfaced post 9/11, when the so called ‘War on Terror’ was in full motion, must be analysed. The American religious Right, were anti-Islam. They voiced this openly and proudly. These opinions – whether valid or not – were present throughout the entire executive. They believed that ‘Christ is the response to evil in all societies,’[8] and therefore, when this war on terror was declared, they viewed their fight as one based upon spiritual foundations. On these grounds, the Christian Right approved of torture, and grave violations of human rights. Men of great power in the American Political sphere, such as General Jerry Boykin, justified anti-Islamic thoughts and actions. He along with many other Evangelists and Neo-Conservatives held the belief that George W. Bush was put in the White House by God for the sole purpose of reaching victory in a ‘battle against idolatrous Muslims.’[9] These opinions were supported by millions of American evangelicals, thus highlighting the impact the Christian Right had within this period of time. Their views, no matter how controversial, were always supported by a large number of American citizens, thus allowing the Bush Administration to continue to act in an anti-secularist manner. The next aspect of the Bush Administration that must be examined is what is referred to as the ‘Faith Based Initiative.’ This initiative aimed at giving public funds to religious institutions to provide social services. The Bush Administration placed this ‘Faith Based Initiative’ as a top priority of domestic policy. However, even prior to taking office, as the Governor of Texas, Bush promoted this notion. It was later created through a series of executive orders, however under the name of Faith Based and Community Initiatives, so named because the state can’t legally discriminate between secular and religious charities.[10] The Faith Based Initiative reinforces this papers contention, that the Bush Administration acted anti-secularist, and based decisions and policy platforms upon religious foundations. The Bush Administration can be considered to have acted unconstitutionally, as the Faith Based Initiative somewhat infringes on the First Amendment, that is ‘The Establishment Clause’ which states; government shall make â€Å"no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.†[11] Essentially, no American should be compelled through taxation to subsidize any religion. By blurring the lines of separation between Church and State, the government is not allowing Americans the right to make their own decisions in relation to religion and matters of faith. In order to examine and assess the influence the Religious right had within the Bush Presidency, we must look at the influences within the administration, and the viewpoint of the religious right in the time of campaigning. Ever since the early days of his campaign, when he declared in the primaries that his ‘favourite philosopher was Jesus Christ,’[12] his support was high amongst the Evangelical Christians. He was considered by this large constituency to be on a ‘divine plan,’[13] and is branded by many, including journalists, supporters and even non-supporters, as the ‘leader of the Religious Right.’ In order to fully illustrate the presence of faith within this election campaign the group, formed by Televangelist; Pat Robertson, known as the Christian Coalition must be discussed. Firstly, in 2000, Bush’s campaign was publicly endorsed by Robertson and his Christian Coalition. This was a largely influential group that this essay conten ds, was a driving force that lead to Bush being inaugurated. The Christian Coalition openly opposed John McCain, stating that they would go to all measures to prevent him from becoming the Republican party nominee. In fact, Robertson stated on record that; ‘if he [John McCain] became the nominee of the Republican Party, the Christian Coalition, which is a voluntary organization, would not put out 75 million voter guides and would not urge its membership to vote for anybody in the general election.’ This highlights the power of this Christian Coalition at that time, and the power Robertson possessed. It also illustrates that Bush’s campaign was heavily influenced by the Religious right. In fact, his campaign advisor, Ralph Reed, was the Executive Director of the Christian Coalition. These claims of religious connotations and underlying notions of faith not only confirm the religious sway of this administration, but the complete lack of secularity within this time in American political history. Despite the United States being based on foundations of freedom, there was obviously a contradiction and an infringement on these rights. The scope and impact this Christian Coalition had within the United States was extraordinary. Robertson and his Christian Coalition used a variety of methods to deliver their message. He voiced his opinions on his national TV program to influence voters, issued out flyers and publicly spoke about Bush’s views on topics such as Abortion, Gay Marriage and condom distribution. The power and influence the Conservative Christians had in this election was colossal, although four million religious conservatives did not vote, there was still fifteen million religious conservatives who did. This just reinforces the fact that the religious aspect played a major role in the 2000 election. However, the methods employed to garner votes was where the true influence was shown. Their strategies were incredibly sophisticated. Rather than creating a completely Right wing perspective of Bush, which would only appeal to those following the Christian Coalition, Robertson urged his supporters not t o ‘force Bush too far to the right’ as this would not appeal to a larger majority of American Citizens. He knew that once he was elected, Bush’s platform would be completely in line with his own perspectives, and as this essay will continue demonstrate, ultimately he was correct. The policy direction of the Bush Presidency was largely influenced by the Christian right. Behind a series of platforms was underlying tones of Religious extremism, and Conservative Christianity. An example of this is the enforcement of the ‘Global Gag Rule,’ also referred to as the ‘Mexico City Policy.’ This policy places heavy constraints on foreign nongovernmental organizations that receive U.S. family planning funds. The constraints and restrictions included those F.N.G.O’s that ‘provided legal abortion services, lobbied their own governments for abortion law reform, or even provide accurate medical counselling or referrals regarding abortion.’[14] This policy, which was reimposed on January 22, 2001, which was Bush’s first business day in office and ironically ‘the 28th Anniversary of Roe V Wade the landmark U.S Supreme Court Abortion Case,’ is entirely influenced by the Religious Right. It is fundamentalist in al l aspects, and an illustrious example, of how influential this religious presence was within the Bush Administration. The influence the religious Right had within U.S politics under the George W. Bush Presidency was profound. As this essay has illustrated, the presence of this religious body was evident in all stages of the Bush Presidency. They were a driving force in the campaign stages, securing George W. Bush’s position as President, and were largely influential within the policy direction taken by this administration. On review, it is accurate to state that the U.S Government during the George W. Bush Presidency definitely did blur the lines between state and religion. There was a contradiction of constitutional rights, and an anti-secularist presence throughout the entire administration. References Barker, David C., Jon Hurwitz, and Traci L. Nelson. 2008. Of Crusades and Culture Wars: Messianic Militarism and Political Conflict in the United States. Journal Of Politics 70, no. 2: 307-322. Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed May 27, 2014). George, Susan. ‘Hijacking America: How the religious and secular Right changed what Americans think.’ Cambridge, UK ; Malden, MA : Polity. 2008. Pg 28. Kaplan, Ester. ‘With God on their side: how Christian fundamentalists trampled science, policy, and democracy in George W. Bush’s White House.’ New York : New Press: Distributed by Norton. 2004. Page 39. Kenneth D. Wald Allison Calhoun-Brown. ‘Religion and Politics in the United States.’ Lanham, Md. Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 2007 Priscilla Smith, Kathy Hall Martinez and Tzili Mor. ‘The Global Gag Rule: A Violation of the Right to Free Speech and Democratic Participation.’ Human Rights, Vol. 29, No. 3 (Summer 2002), pp. 12. Ribuffo, Leo P. George W. Bush, the faith-based presidency, and the latest evangelical menace. Journal of American and Canadian Studies 24 (2006): 17+. Academic OneFile. Web. 27 May 2014. Page 17 The Economist. â€Å"A hot line to heaven; George Bush and God. 18 Dec. 2004: 39(US). Academic OneFile. Web. 26 May 2014 The Constitution of the United States, Amendments, Amendment 1, ‘The Establishment Clause.’ Julian E. Zelizer, ‘The Presidency of George W. Bush: A First Historical Assessment.’ Princeton University Press (September 13, 2010) Page: 229 Bush has new role: de facto leader of the religious right. (People Events). Church State 55.2 (2002): 15. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 26 May 2014. [1] Ribuffo, Leo P. George W. Bush, the faith-based presidency, and the latest evangelical menace. Journal of American and Canadian Studies 24 (2006): 17+. Academic OneFile. Web. 27 May 2014. Page 17 [2] A hot line to heaven; George Bush and God. The Economist 18 Dec. 2004: 39(US). Academic OneFile. Web. 26 May 2014. [3] Ibid. [4] Barker, David C., Jon Hurwitz, and Traci L. Nelson. 2008. Of Crusades and Culture Wars: Messianic Militarism and Political Conflict in the United States. Journal Of Politics 70, no. 2: 307-322. Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed May 27, 2014). [5] George, Susan. ‘Hijacking America: How the religious and secular Right changed what Americans think.’ Cambridge, UK ; Malden, MA : Polity. 2008. Pg 28. [6] Kenneth D. Wald Allison Calhoun-Brown. ‘Religion and Politics in the United States.’ Lanham, Md. Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 2007 [7] George, Susan. ‘Hijacking America: How the religious and secular Right changed what Americans think.’ Page 58 [8] Ibid. Page 134 [9] Ibid. Page 136 [10] Ester Kaplan. ‘With God on their side: how Christian fundamentalists trampled science, policy, and democracy in George W. Bush’s White House.’ New York : New Press: Distributed by Norton. 2004. Page 39. [11] The Constitution of the United States, Amendments, Amendment 1, ‘The Establishment Clause.’ [12] Julian E. Zelizer, ‘The Presidency of George W. Bush: A First Historical Assessment.’ Princeton University Press (September 13, 2010) Page: 229 [13] Bush has new role: de facto leader of the religious right. (People Events). Church State 55.2 (2002): 15. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 26 May 2014. [14] Priscilla Smith, Kathy Hall Martinez and Tzili Mor. ‘The Global Gag Rule: A Violation of the Right to Free Speech and Democratic Participation.’ Human Rights, Vol. 29, No. 3 (Summer 2002), pp. 12.

Sustainability Essay -- Environment Human Nature Papers

Sustainability Sustainability is a term frequently used by our leaders (and planners) but is often not questioned or defined. The root word sustain implies that it means making something last. However, what does it really mean to sustain something and what is it that we are talking about sustaining-- nature, our environment, our world? These are all very abstract terms themselves. Around the time the term sustainability arose, scientists had discovered a series of threats to our environment and viewed these as a major problem to the endurance of human population. The question then became: "How can we sustain humanity in today's world?" The American Heritage dictionary defines sustain as "supplying with necessities or nourishment," which addresses the key point of sustainability: what are the necessities to ensure that human will be around for future generations? Another way to look at it, which is suggested in the publication Caring for the Earth (a joint publication of the IUCN, UNEP, and WWF-I) i s that sustainable development means "improving the quality of human life while living within the caring capacity of supporting ecosystems." It is perhaps important to note that this definition suggests that the quality of human life can only be improved if it is done with careful attention to its impacts on the environment both natural and social. A practical approach to sustainability does not place responsibility on one sector and not the other. The goal for all agencies and groups affecting society should be to work simultaneously toward the common vision of sustainability. This allows the various sectors to work effectively within their respected areas of expertise and spheres of influence, but specific to the purposes that ea... .... New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group Inc., 1983 Elkington, John. Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of the 21st Century. New Society Publishers, Stoney Creek, CT, 1998 Hawken, Paul. The Ecology of Commerce: A Declaration of Sustainability. New York: Harper Collins, 1993 Hawken, Paul and L. Hunter and Amory Lovins. Natural Capitalism. Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1999 Hodgkinson, Virginia, and Richard W. Lyman. The Future of the Non-profit Sector. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1989 O'Neill, Micheal. The Third America: The Emergence of the Nonprofit Sector. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1989 Shumacher, E.F. Small is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered. New York: Harper & Row Inc., 1973 Shuman, Michael H.. Going Local: Creating Self-reliant Communities in a Global Age. New York: Routledge, 1998